An Evaluation of Political Participation among Women in Northern Nigeria: The Case of Makurdi LGA, Benue State
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Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
In recent years, the discourse surrounding women's political participation in Nigeria, particularly in regions like Makurdi Local Government Area (LGA) of Benue State, has gained significant attention. Globally, women's involvement in politics is pivotal for achieving sustainable development, as it empowers them to engage directly in public decision-making processes. However, in Nigeria, and specifically in Benue State, women's political participation remains limited due to various socio-cultural and economic barriers. A study by Mbaave (2024) highlighted that radio programmes have been instrumental in promoting political engagement among women in Makurdi LGA, suggesting that media interventions can play a crucial role in enhancing women's political involvement. Despite these efforts, the representation of women in elective and appointive positions remains disproportionately low. This underrepresentation is often attributed to deep-seated societal norms and discriminatory practices that hinder women's active participation in politics (Adebayo et al., 2024). Furthermore, the political landscape in Northern Nigeria presents unique challenges, including patriarchal structures and limited access to resources, which further impede women's political engagement. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing women's political participation and the development of targeted strategies to promote inclusivity in the political arena.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite global advancements in promoting gender equality, women's political participation in Makurdi LGA, Benue State, remains significantly low. This underrepresentation not only undermines the principles of democratic governance but also limits the diversity of perspectives in policy-making processes. Recent studies have indicated that while initiatives such as radio programmes have contributed to increasing awareness and encouraging political engagement among women, these efforts have not translated into substantial improvements in women's representation in political offices (Mbaave, 2024). The persistence of socio-cultural barriers, discriminatory practices, and limited access to resources continues to impede women's active involvement in politics. This situation necessitates a critical evaluation of the existing strategies aimed at enhancing women's political participation and the identification of effective approaches to overcome the entrenched obstacles that women face in the political sphere.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the current level of political participation among women in Makurdi LGA, Benue State.
2. To identify the socio-cultural, economic, and political factors influencing women's political participation in the region.
3. To evaluate the effectiveness of existing initiatives aimed at promoting women's political engagement in Makurdi LGA.
1.4 Research Questions
1. What is the current level of political participation among women in Makurdi LGA, Benue State?
2. What are the key factors influencing women's political participation in the region?
3. How effective are the existing initiatives in promoting women's political engagement in Makurdi LGA?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1. There is a significant relationship between socio-cultural factors and women's political participation in Makurdi LGA.
2. Economic constraints significantly affect women's involvement in political activities in the region.
3. Existing initiatives have a positive impact on enhancing women's political engagement in Makurdi LGA.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study holds substantial significance as it seeks to shed light on the critical issue of women's political participation in Makurdi LGA, Benue State. By comprehensively evaluating the current state of women's involvement in politics, the research aims to provide valuable insights into the underlying factors that hinder or facilitate their engagement. Understanding these dynamics is essential for policymakers, civil society organizations, and other stakeholders committed to promoting gender equality and inclusive governance. The findings of this study are expected to inform the development of targeted interventions and policies that address the specific challenges faced by women in the political arena. Moreover, by highlighting effective strategies and best practices, the research can serve as a blueprint for similar initiatives in other regions, thereby contributing to the broader goal of enhancing women's political participation across Nigeria and beyond. Ultimately, this study aspires to contribute to the creation of a more equitable political landscape where women's voices are heard, valued, and influential in shaping the future of their communities and the nation at large.
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study is confined to evaluating political participation among women specifically within Makurdi Local Government Area in Benue State. It focuses on assessing the current levels of involvement, identifying influencing factors, and evaluating existing initiatives aimed at promoting women's political engagement in this locale. The research does not extend to other LGAs or states, and its findings are therefore specific to Makurdi LGA. Limitations of the study may include potential biases in self-reported data, challenges in accessing certain demographic groups, and constraints related to the availability of up-to-date data.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
• Political Participation: The involvement of individuals in political activities, including voting, running for office, engaging in political discussions, and participating in political organizations.
• Socio-Cultural Factors: The social and cultural influences that affect individuals' behaviors and attitudes, including norms, values, traditions, and socialization processes.
• Gender Equality: The state of equal access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making, and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations, and needs equally, regardless of gender.
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